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As an easier intro to the past 25 years or so in comics, I'd suggest this tour:
The evolution of the superhero:
- Superman: The Man of Steel - Superman re-invented by John Byrne in the late 80s. Lots of fun with "making him real" including changing how he flies and simple things like how he shaves.
- Batman: The Dark Knight Returns - Batman with a punk twist. Ends with one of the best superhero crossover battles of all time.
- Booster Gold - In the late 80s or early 90s this was bought by DC comics and re-started by Byrne. A con man from the future plays superhero for profit.
- Watchmen - We started off with this, but I had to throw it in there. The axis on which superhero stories turned in the late 80s.
- Supreme - What if Superman became aware of his own revision history? It's one of those Superman but with the names changed for copyright reasons books. Very postmodern. Somewhat uneven after the first book, which is brilliant.
- Rising Stars - Only a hundred or so supers exist, all created by a strange meteor over the midwest. The story is about how the country reacts to them and how they react to each other in the face of public concern. It's J. Michael Straczynski's story who previously wrote the Babylon 5 TV series.
- The Authority - Warren Ellis does superheros with his usual over-the-top flair. What would you do with the world if you could sink Italy with a thought? Would you protect it? Rule it? Is there a difference?
- Planetary - Also Ellis. A strange science re-take on many genres of fiction including quite a few superheroes.
- Kurt Busiek's Astro City is perhaps the most interesting re-take on supers. This story introduces the concept of the over-crowded superhero city that Alan Moore would later run with to the extreme in Top Ten. In Astro City supers are an every day thing, but the story isn't about their massive battles with supervillains, it's about their lives. How they make time for a day job; how the citizens manage to go about their days; and how a young man starts off being a side kick. The only flaw Astro City has is that it makes you want to know more about each character, but keeps rotating through them to tell their stories in such a way that you never really get to know any one of them other than The Confessor who takes up most of the second collected book.
Following that there were a number of interesting meta stories. I've already talked about Supreme and Planetary. There is also Promethea, which I just finished. That's the tale of a young woman who is possessed by a semi-mythological entity known as Promethea. This is essentially Alan Moore's excuse to explore the history of mostly Western magical theory from its roots in Egypt but mostly focusing on the post-Victorian sympathetic symbolism.
Neil Gaiman's Sandman starts off with a little tie-in to normal superhero stories, but in Marvel 1602, he goes all the way, re-tooling the whole stable of Marvel superheroes in the world of 1602 Europe. It's a fun read on its own, but even better if you brush up on X-Men and The Avengers first.
Comics that have become movies:
Spider Man. Frankly, there's little to recommend, here. Spider Man goes through phases of good and bad, but there's very little that's truly great. About as close as it's come is J. Michael Straczynski's run which explored the idea that Spider Man was more of an expression of the spider as a symbol than a radioactive freak. Neat idea, but not on par with his other work such as Rising Stars (above)
Superman. Beyond the Man of Steel, I'd also recommend Whatever Happened To the Man of Tomorrow by Alan Moore and Kingdom Come which is probably one of the best "the weight of the world" type Superman stories, and has some of the best watercolor and pencil art to grace a comic.
Batman. Along with Dark Knight Returns, there are some really interesting one-shots series about or involving Batman. The DC alternate history line of comics, Elseworlds has some great batman "what if" stories. (search link) Gaiman also does a nice one-shot Whatever Happened To the Caped Crusader which is modeled on Whatever Happened To the Man of Tomorrow, but does rely on a fair bit of Batman lore that you might not be familiar with.
Funny Comics:
Foglio and wife Kaja also wrote a more family friendly and less silly comic in the steampunk genre called Girl Genius. The first volume is in black & white, the rest are in color. Well worth it, though it failed financially and eventually became a Web comic, it was a great read.
Side note on Foglio: he was responsible for the cute little devil/deamon that's the logo for BSD Unix.
Also, there's the old She Hulk stories that many of my friends in college were avid readers of.
Serious stuff:
Maus is a Pulitzer Prize winning story of the holocaust with the edges slightly rounded by the replacement of the people involved with anthropomorphic mice.
Understanding Comics is a comic about the art of making comics. It's a really fun tour of the medium.
Fantasy:
Most comic book fiction is of the superhero variety which melds fantasy and science fiction in a modern setting. A few stories are purely fantasy. Sandman is an obvious example, but it opened the door for a number of others.
Fables, one of the more recent entries in this lineup, is a great post-modern fairy tale read at first, but I'd only recommend going through to the end of the first major storyline which ends very well. After that it gets a bit soap opera.
Some of the things I've regretted reading:
Preacher. OK, let me be clear: Preacher is excellent at what it sets out to do. What it sets out to do, however, is annoy the reader. This is a stab at the American myth in much the same way that Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas was. However, instead of touring the American dream on drugs, Preacher follows a down-and-out preacher whose congregation was killed by a freak accident (or was it) as he searches for God, encountering a hit-woman ex girlfriend, a hard-drinking Irish vampire, murderously insane Vatican secret agents and all manner of scary rural Americans on the way. It's really creative and interesting. Problem is, it's also a study in finding what you won't tolerate in a story and taking it to an extreme. Be it graphic violence (imagine Quentin Tarantino trying for an NC-17 rating... hard), rape, abuse of the deformed (there's a recurring character named Arseface... you can imagine why), sexual ... well, anything. Heck, the whole story is based on the idea that God is the moral equivalent of a deadbeat dad and should really be smacked around for what he's done. Clearly he was trying to accomplish something, here. I made it through the whole series, but I don't really recommend it.
Series that have gone down-hill are all too common. An author often comes up with a great idea, but later authors or even the same one fail to keep up the momentum. Often this happens after years of a comic's publication. Examples include The Authority, Teen Titans and the aforementioned Fables.
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